Chapter 5 images: sources

Licences are as stated on each file's source page. Items marked fair use (book and paper figures, the Climate Action Tracker chart) are used for teaching and commentary.

FileShowsMaker, dateLicenceSource
caracalla-portrait-met.jpgMarble portrait head of Caracalla, Metropolitan Museum of ArtRoman, 212–217 CE; Met photoCC0https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Marble_portrait_of_the_emperor_Caracalla_MET_DP333080.jpg
rude-depart-des-volontaires-1792.jpgLe Départ des volontaires de 1792 ("La Marseillaise"), François Rude's relief on the Arc de Triomphe, ParisSculpture Rude, 1833–36; photo Jebulon, 2013CC0https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Le_D%C3%A9part_des_Volontaires_(La_Marseillaise)_par_Rude,_Arc_de_Triomphe_Etoile_Paris.jpg
france-communes-patois-1863.pngMap of France by department: share of communes not speaking French, 1863 school survey (Archives nationales F17 3160, cited in Weber, Peasants into Frenchmen). Darkest: almost all communes non-French-speakingRedrawn by XIIIfromTOKYO from the 1863 dataCC BY-SA 4.0https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:France_-_Communes_parlant_patois,_1863.png
london-crowds-war-declared-1914.jpgCrowds outside Buckingham Palace cheering the King after the declaration of war, August 1914 (IWM Q 81832)Unknown photographer, 1914Public domainhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Outbreak_of_the_First_World_War,_1914_Q81832.jpg
newspaper-room-seattle-1910.jpgMen reading newspapers on stands in the Newspaper Room, Seattle Carnegie Central LibraryRomans Photographic Company, ca. 1910Public domainhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Men_reading_in_Seattle_Central_Library_Newspaper_Room,_ca._1910_-_DPLA_-_99ccda3cc1832f0316ed47efcd91b578.jpg
henrich-fig-1-6-passengers-dilemma-map.jpgFig. 1.6: universalistic answers to the Passenger's Dilemma by countryJoseph Henrich, The WEIRDest People in the World, 2020Fair useHenrich, The WEIRDest People in the World (Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2020), fig. 1.6
henrich-fig-7-1-church-exposure-map.jpgFig. 7.1: years of exposure to the Western Church (papal bishoprics), Europe's regions, 500–1500 CE; Carolingian borders and Iron Curtain markedHenrich, 2020Fair useHenrich, The WEIRDest People in the World (Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2020), fig. 7.1
henrich-fig-6-7-cousin-marriage-universalism.jpgFig. 6.7: cousin marriage against universalism (Passenger's Dilemma), by countryHenrich, 2020Fair useHenrich, The WEIRDest People in the World (Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2020), fig. 6.7
guild-houses-graslei-ghent.jpgThe Graslei, Ghent: medieval and early modern guild houses on the Leie (incl. the Free Boatmen's guild house)Photo Martinvl, 2014CC BY-SA 4.0https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Graslei_Ghent.jpg
magna-carta-1215-bl.jpgMagna Carta, 1215 exemplification, British Library Cotton MS Augustus II.1061215; British LibraryCC0https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Magna_Carta_(1215)_-_BL_Cotton_MS_Augustus_II_106.jpg
philosophical-transactions-vol1-1665.jpgTitle page of Philosophical Transactions, vol. 1 (1665–66). The volume title page, not the first issue'sHenry Oldenburg (ed.), 1666CC BY 4.0 (as stated on Commons)https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Philosophical_Transactions_Volume_1_frontispiece.jpg
ozone-hole-1979-2023-nasa.pngAntarctic ozone on the day of the 2023 minimum, with the yearly minimum ozone 1979–2023 plotted across it (last frame of the animation)NASA Scientific Visualization Studio, 2023; data NASA Ozone WatchPublic domain (NASA; SVS page gives no licence, NASA media are not copyrighted)https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/31253/
cfc11-emissions-montzka-2021.pngFig. 4: observation-based global CFC-11 emissions 2000–2019 vs expected: the decline, the rise after 2012, the fall in 2019 (two estimation methods, a and b)Montzka et al., "A decline in global CFC-11 emissions during 2018−2019", Nature 590, 428–432 (2021)Fair use (no open licence on the article page)https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03260-5
cat-thermometer-2025.pngCAT thermometer: warming by 2100 under current policies (+2.6 °C), targets and pledges, November 2025 updateClimate Action Tracker (Climate Analytics and NewClimate Institute), 2025All rights reserved; fair usehttps://climateactiontracker.org/global/cat-thermometer/
nuclear-warhead-stockpiles-owid.pngEstimated nuclear warhead stockpiles by country and world, 1945–2026: peak ~70,000 in 1986, ~12,000 nowOur World in Data, data Federation of American Scientists (2026)CC BY 4.0https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/nuclear-warhead-stockpiles-lines
ai-training-compute-epoch.pngTraining compute of notable AI models, 2010–2024, trend 4.1×/yearEpoch AI, 2024CC BY 4.0https://epoch.ai/blog/training-compute-of-frontier-ai-models-grows-by-4-5x-per-year
colonial-empires-1914-map.pngWorld map of empires and colonies in 1914, coloured by empireAndrew0921, 2010CC BY 3.0https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:World_1914_empires_colonies_territory.PNG
welsh-note-1879.png"Y Welsh Note": a crying schoolboy wearing the Welsh Not, from the Welsh children's magazine Trysorfa y PlantUnknown illustrator, October 1879Public domainhttps://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%22Y_Welsh_Note%22._Trysorfa_y_Plant.png
ho-chi-minh-ba-dinh-1945.jpgThe platform in Ba Đình Square, Hanoi, 2 September 1945, where Ho Chi Minh read the declaration of independenceUnknown photographer, 1945Public domain (Vietnam)https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ba_Dinh_Square_September_2nd,_1945.jpg
state-vs-nation.svgDiagram: the same villages tied upward to a king (a state) and to each other (a nation)Seeds of Renaissance, 2026OursDrawn for this chapter
henrich-chain.svgDiagram: Henrich's chain, Church marriage rules to guilds, towns, courts and markets, with the evidence on each linkSeeds of Renaissance, 2026, from Henrich (2020)OursDrawn for this chapter
montreal-vs-kyoto.svgDiagram: Montreal against Kyoto on four featuresSeeds of Renaissance, 2026OursDrawn for this chapter
shared-fridge.svgIllustration: an office fridge of strangers' milk, with a note on the doorSeeds of Renaissance, 2026OursDrawn for this chapter
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